oe7drt-website/content/notes/openbsd/index.md

---
title: OpenBSD notes
date: 2023-11-29T20:33:48+0100
lastmod: 2023-12-30T22:03:53+0000
tags:
- openbsd
- python
- cloudlog
- zsh-shell

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---

These are random notes -- more or less about OpenBSD. Some may
not fit here well, but they could relate to OpenBSD or similar
operating systems in some way...

## Get some filesystem information

```console
$ dumpfs /dev/rsd1a
magic	19540119 (FFS2)	time	Thu Nov 16 21:14:34 2023
[...] (snip; lots of output...)
```

This can be helpful if you want to know, which filesystem you actually
use on your OpenBSD box.

## Create a Win95 FAT32 USB stick

When you `fdisk -iy sd2` (for example) a USB stick, you usually create
one single OpenBSD partition at the 4<sup>th</sup> position. When you then
try to `newfs_msdos -F 32 -L Label sd2i` the layout is gone -- happened to
me several times until I got fed up and investigated.

I don't know why that happened, but I got my way to create USB sticks, that
actually work with other devices like my amateur radios that need those fancy
microSD cards.

Delete the first bytes on the stick:

~~~console
$ doas dd if=/dev/zero bs=1m count=1 of=/dev/rsd2c
~~~

Create the needed partition:

~~~console
$ echo -n 'edit 0\n0c\n\n2048\n*\nq\n' | doas fdisk -e sd2
~~~

A short explanation (`\n` is basically a newline; the <kbd>Enter</kbd> key):

- `edit 0\n`: edit the first entry (`fdisk -iy sd2` would edit the 4th entry)
- `0c\n`: selects **Win95 FAT32L** as file system format
- `\n`: only hit enter and use the default _[n]_
- `2048\n`: Start of the partition
- `*\n`: Special size value -- means the remainder of the disk (like `-1` on many other tools)
- `q\n`: write MBR and quits the program

This results in a partition table like this:

~~~console
$ fdisk sd2
Disk: sd2	geometry: 966/255/63 [15523840 Sectors]
Offset: 0	Signature: 0xAA55
            Starting         Ending         LBA Info:
 #: id      C   H   S -      C   H   S [       start:        size ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 0: 0C      0  32  33 -    966  80  10 [        2048:    15521792 ] Win95 FAT32L
 1: 00      0   0   0 -      0   0   0 [           0:           0 ] Unused
 2: 00      0   0   0 -      0   0   0 [           0:           0 ] Unused
 3: 00      0   0   0 -      0   0   0 [           0:           0 ] Unused
~~~

whereas a `fdisk -iy sd2` creates a table like this:

~~~console
$ fdisk sd2
Disk: sd2	geometry: 966/255/63 [15523840 Sectors]
Offset: 0	Signature: 0xAA55
            Starting         Ending         LBA Info:
 #: id      C   H   S -      C   H   S [       start:        size ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 0: 00      0   0   0 -      0   0   0 [           0:           0 ] Unused
 1: 00      0   0   0 -      0   0   0 [           0:           0 ] Unused
 2: 00      0   0   0 -      0   0   0 [           0:           0 ] Unused
*3: A6      0   1   2 -    966  80  10 [          64:    15523776 ] OpenBSD
~~~

Don't forget to create the file system:

~~~console
$ doas newfs_msdos -F 32 -L 8GB_Stick sd2i
~~~

## Packages / Ports

### ...because of libraries

Updating dependencies before installing (switch `-U`) does help sometimes...

> Can't install [package] because of libraries

~~~console
$ doas pkg_add -uiU
~~~

Should fix that.

## Python

### ModuleNotFoundError

Install python modules with pip.

~~~console
$ python3 -m pip install --user --upgrade ${example_module}
~~~

## Rust

### starship prompt

This is usually blocked via the rust-battery crate, as there is still no progress
made on issue [#19](https://github.com/svartalf/rust-battery/issues/19), which probably
leads to no progress on issue [#2267](https://github.com/starship/starship/issues/2276).

Though, there is a [comment](https://github.com/starship/starship/issues/2276#issuecomment-782818302)
that disables the optional features (battery).

So the final installation of Starship looks like:

~~~console
$ cargo install starship --locked --no-default-features
~~~

The compilation took about 9½ minutes.

## Git

## Cloudlog (server)

Cloudlog is a webapplication written in PHP that allows ham radio amateurs
to log contacts online. I host my own instance on my server and I finally
looked into why I never got satellites shown in <kbd>SAT Timers</kbd>.

I use php-fpm and it is running as the user `www`. It is kind of jailed and it
cannot read `/etc/ssl/cert.pem` -- so the https connections cannot be verified
and it failes at downloading the satellites infos from other websites.

I solved this by copying `/etc/ssl` to `/var/www/etc/ssl` via rsync, keeping file
permissions intact. I may setup a cronjob for this maybe.

~~~console
$ cd /var/www
$ doas rsync -avhzrp /etc/ssl/ etc/ssl
sending incremental file list
created directory etc/ssl
./
cert.pem
ikeca.cnf
openssl.cnf
x509v3.cnf
private/

sent 155.82K bytes  received 133 bytes  311.90K bytes/sec
total size is 344.08K  speedup is 2.21
$ doas rcctl restart php80_fpm
php80_fpm(ok)
php80_fpm(ok)
~~~

## Cloudlog (client)

Use of the online logging tool Cloudlog on my OpenBSD machine.

First off, connect the TX-500 with the computer (CAT cable) and
start `rigctld`:

```console
$ rigctld -m 2014 -r /dev/cuaU0 -s 9600 -v
```

I use `2014` which is actually a Kenwood TS-2000 -- but on OpenBSD hamlib is currently
at version 4.4 and the TX-500 is only available on
[version ≥4.5](https://github.com/Hamlib/Hamlib/blob/master/NEWS#L199).

For newer hamlib versions (≥4.5) use the rig 2050 like:

```console
$ rigctld -m 2050 -r /dev/cuaU0 -s 9600 -v
```

In combination with Digirig I would probably use something like this,
because otherwise Digirig would instantly key the transceiver:

```console
$ rigctld -m 2014 -r /dev/cuaU0 -s 9600 --set-conf=rts_state=OFF -v
```

Well, I tested this on my desk at home but never used my Laptop for
doing digital modes with my TX-500 though -- but I want this to be noted
here just in case I should need it someday.

On another terminal start [`cloudlogbashcat.sh`](https://github.com/g0wfv/CloudlogBashCat):

```console
$ cloudlogbashcat.sh
```

Now, if you open the website of your Cloudlog installation (and if you have
setup your rigs) and select the radio that uses cloudlogbashcat.

![cloudlog radio selection dialog](radio-settings-cloudlog.png "You can select your pre-defined radio in the Live QSO tab")

## Z-Shell

### Where is this alias defined?

I defined an alias `ls` but I forgot where it was.

~~~console
$ PS4='+%x:%I>' zsh -i -x -c '' |& grep ls
~~~

There will be a lot of screen output probably.

### Renaming multiple directories

~~~console
$ count=1; zmv -n '*' '$f[1,4]/$((count++))-$f[12,-1]'
mv -- 2023-08-05-problems-with-apt-keys-on-my-hotspots 2023/51-problems-with-apt-keys-on-my-hotspots
mv -- 2023-08-26-dmrhost-on-a-raspberrypi4-with-openbsd-or-freebsd 2023/52-dmrhost-on-a-raspberrypi4-with-openbsd-or-freebsd
mv -- 2023-09-16-openbsd-current-built-from-source 2023/53-openbsd-current-built-from-source
~~~

Moves subdirectories into other folder structure with a counting variable.

~~~console
$ count=16; zmv -Q '*(/)' '$((count++))-$f[12,-1]'
mv -- 2021-08-08-win10-grub2-and-uefi 16-win10-grub2-and-uefi
mv -- 2021-08-12-running-n1mm-logger-on-linux 17-running-n1mm-logger-on-linux
mv -- 2021-10-03-winlink-and-vara-on-linux 18-winlink-and-vara-on-linux
mv -- 2021-10-03-wordlist-generation 19-wordlist-generation
mv -- 2021-10-26-processes-accessing-mountpoints 20-processes-accessing-mountpoints
~~~

That was the second part, counting from where we stopped from the previous directory.

There was a draft post left in `2022` which I deleted, now I had to renumber the folders
from `28-*` to `34-` to a number lower by 1.

~~~console
$ for i in {29..34}; do zmv -n -W $i'*' $((--i))'*'; done
mv -- 29-using-nfs-on-a-raspberry-pi 28-using-nfs-on-a-raspberry-pi
mv -- 30-vpn-tunnel-into-hamnet-on-fedora-36 29-vpn-tunnel-into-hamnet-on-fedora-36
mv -- 31-winlink-on-linux-fix-invalid-handle-on-logfiles 30-winlink-on-linux-fix-invalid-handle-on-logfiles
mv -- 32-hamnet-on-the-pfsense 31-hamnet-on-the-pfsense
mv -- 33-changing-network-metrics-on-linux 32-changing-network-metrics-on-linux
mv -- 34-change-git-submodule-url 33-change-git-submodule-url
~~~

So, there is still one post left that is actually a draft post and I'd like to
remove the leading number from that directory.

~~~console
$ zmv -n -W '59-*' '*'
mv -- 59-pat-winlink-on-openbsd pat-winlink-on-openbsd
~~~

## Concatenate sound files (.wav)

~~~console
$ sox *.wav one-big-soundfile.wav
~~~

`cat *.wav > bigfile.wav` works too, but different. That would put all
audio files into separate streams at the output file whereas `sox`
appends one file after another in the big output file.