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oe7drt-website/content/notes/openbsd/index.md

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OpenBSD notes 2023-11-29T20:33:48+0100 2023-12-08T23:36:01+0000
openbsd
python
cloudlog
zsh
false false false true true

These are random notes -- more or less about OpenBSD. Some may not fit here well, but they could relate to OpenBSD or similar operating systems in some way...

Get some filesystem information

$ dumpfs /dev/rsd1a
magic	19540119 (FFS2)	time	Thu Nov 16 21:14:34 2023
[...] (snip; lots of output...)

This can be helpful if you want to know, which filesystem you actually use on your OpenBSD box.

Create a Win95 FAT32 USB stick

When you fdisk -iy sd2 (for example) a USB stick, you usually create one single OpenBSD partition at the 4th position. When you then try to newfs_msdos -F 32 -L Label sd2i the layout is gone -- happened to me several times until I got fed up and investigated.

I don't know why that happened, but I got my way to create USB sticks, that actually work with other devices like my amateur radios that need those fancy microSD cards.

Delete the first bytes on the stick:

$ doas dd if=/dev/zero bs=1m count=1 of=/dev/rsd2c

Create the needed partition:

$ echo -n 'edit 0\n0c\n\n2048\n*\nq\n' | doas fdisk -e sd2

A short explanation (\n is basically a newline; the Enter key):

  • edit 0\n: edit the first entry (fdisk -iy sd2 would edit the 4th entry)
  • 0c\n: selects Win95 FAT32L as file system format
  • \n: only hit enter and use the default [n]
  • 2048\n: Start of the partition
  • *\n: Special size value -- means the remainder of the disk (like -1 on many other tools)
  • q\n: write MBR and quits the program

This results in a partition table like this:

$ fdisk sd2
Disk: sd2	geometry: 966/255/63 [15523840 Sectors]
Offset: 0	Signature: 0xAA55
            Starting         Ending         LBA Info:
 #: id      C   H   S -      C   H   S [       start:        size ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 0: 0C      0  32  33 -    966  80  10 [        2048:    15521792 ] Win95 FAT32L
 1: 00      0   0   0 -      0   0   0 [           0:           0 ] Unused
 2: 00      0   0   0 -      0   0   0 [           0:           0 ] Unused
 3: 00      0   0   0 -      0   0   0 [           0:           0 ] Unused

whereas a fdisk -iy sd2 creates a table like this:

$ fdisk sd2
Disk: sd2	geometry: 966/255/63 [15523840 Sectors]
Offset: 0	Signature: 0xAA55
            Starting         Ending         LBA Info:
 #: id      C   H   S -      C   H   S [       start:        size ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 0: 00      0   0   0 -      0   0   0 [           0:           0 ] Unused
 1: 00      0   0   0 -      0   0   0 [           0:           0 ] Unused
 2: 00      0   0   0 -      0   0   0 [           0:           0 ] Unused
*3: A6      0   1   2 -    966  80  10 [          64:    15523776 ] OpenBSD

Don't forget to create the file system:

$ doas newfs_msdos -F 32 -L 8GB_Stick sd2i

Packages / Ports

Updating dependencies before installing (switch -U) does help sometimes...

Can't install [package] because of libraries

$ doas pkg_add -uiU

Should fix that.

Python

ModuleNotFoundError

Install python modules with pip.

$ python3 -m pip install --user --upgrade ${example_module}

Git

Cloudlog (server)

Cloudlog is a webapplication written in PHP that allows ham radio amateurs to log contacts online. I host my own instance on my server and I finally looked into why I never got satellites shown in SAT Timers.

I use php-fpm and it is running as the user www. It is kind of jailed and it cannot read /etc/ssl/cert.pem -- so the https connections cannot be verified and it failes at downloading the satellites infos from other websites.

I solved this by copying /etc/ssl to /var/www/etc/ssl via rsync, keeping file permissions intact. I may setup a cronjob for this maybe.

$ cd /var/www
$ doas rsync -avhzrp /etc/ssl/ etc/ssl
sending incremental file list
created directory etc/ssl
./
cert.pem
ikeca.cnf
openssl.cnf
x509v3.cnf
private/

sent 155.82K bytes  received 133 bytes  311.90K bytes/sec
total size is 344.08K  speedup is 2.21
$ doas rcctl restart php80_fpm
php80_fpm(ok)
php80_fpm(ok)

Cloudlog (client)

Use of the online logging tool Cloudlog on my OpenBSD machine.

First off, connect the TX-500 with the computer (CAT cable) and start rigctld:

$ rigctld -m 2014 -r /dev/cuaU0 -s 9600 -v

I use 2014 which is actually a Kenwood TS-2000 -- but on OpenBSD hamlib is currently at version 4.4 and the TX-500 is only available on version ≥4.5.

For newer hamlib versions (≥4.5) use the rig 2050 like:

$ rigctld -m 2050 -r /dev/cuaU0 -s 9600 -v

In combination with Digirig I would probably use something like this, because otherwise Digirig would instantly key the transceiver:

$ rigctld -m 2014 -r /dev/cuaU0 -s 9600 --set-conf=rts_state=OFF -v

Well, I tested this on my desk at home but never used my Laptop for doing digital modes with my TX-500 though -- but I want this to be noted here just in case I should need it someday.

On another terminal start cloudlogbashcat.sh:

$ cloudlogbashcat.sh

Now, if you open the website of your Cloudlog installation (and if you have setup your rigs) and select the radio that uses cloudlogbashcat.

cloudlog radio selection dialog

Z-Shell

Where is this alias defined?

I defined an alias ls but I forgot where it was.

$ PS4='+%x:%I>' zsh -i -x -c '' |& grep ls

There will be a lot of screen output probably.

Renaming multiple directories

$ count=1; zmv -n '*' '$f[1,4]/$((count++))-$f[12,-1]'
mv -- 2023-08-05-problems-with-apt-keys-on-my-hotspots 2023/51-problems-with-apt-keys-on-my-hotspots
mv -- 2023-08-26-dmrhost-on-a-raspberrypi4-with-openbsd-or-freebsd 2023/52-dmrhost-on-a-raspberrypi4-with-openbsd-or-freebsd
mv -- 2023-09-16-openbsd-current-built-from-source 2023/53-openbsd-current-built-from-source

Moves subdirectories into other folder structure with a counting variable.

$ count=16; zmv -Q '*(/)' '$((count++))-$f[12,-1]'
mv -- 2021-08-08-win10-grub2-and-uefi 16-win10-grub2-and-uefi
mv -- 2021-08-12-running-n1mm-logger-on-linux 17-running-n1mm-logger-on-linux
mv -- 2021-10-03-winlink-and-vara-on-linux 18-winlink-and-vara-on-linux
mv -- 2021-10-03-wordlist-generation 19-wordlist-generation
mv -- 2021-10-26-processes-accessing-mountpoints 20-processes-accessing-mountpoints

That was the second part, counting from where we stopped from the previous directory.

There was a draft post left in 2022 which I deleted, now I had to renumber the folders from 28-* to 34- to a number lower by 1.

$ for i in {29..34}; do zmv -n -W $i'*' $((--i))'*'; done
mv -- 29-using-nfs-on-a-raspberry-pi 28-using-nfs-on-a-raspberry-pi
mv -- 30-vpn-tunnel-into-hamnet-on-fedora-36 29-vpn-tunnel-into-hamnet-on-fedora-36
mv -- 31-winlink-on-linux-fix-invalid-handle-on-logfiles 30-winlink-on-linux-fix-invalid-handle-on-logfiles
mv -- 32-hamnet-on-the-pfsense 31-hamnet-on-the-pfsense
mv -- 33-changing-network-metrics-on-linux 32-changing-network-metrics-on-linux
mv -- 34-change-git-submodule-url 33-change-git-submodule-url

So, there is still one post left that is actually a draft post and I'd like to remove the leading number from that directory.

$ zmv -n -W '59-*' '*'
mv -- 59-pat-winlink-on-openbsd pat-winlink-on-openbsd