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260 lines
7.8 KiB
260 lines
7.8 KiB
---
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title: OpenBSD notes
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date: 2023-11-29T20:33:48+0100
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lastmod: 2023-12-08T23:36:01+0000
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tags:
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- openbsd
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- python
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- cloudlog
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- zsh
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#showDate: false
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showReadingTime: false
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showWordCount: false
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showPagination: false
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#showAuthor: false
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showBreadcrumbs: true
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feed_exclude: true
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# site_exclude: true
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---
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These are random notes -- more or less about OpenBSD. Some may
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not fit here well, but they could relate to OpenBSD or similar
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operating systems in some way...
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## Get some filesystem information
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```console
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$ dumpfs /dev/rsd1a
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magic 19540119 (FFS2) time Thu Nov 16 21:14:34 2023
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[...] (snip; lots of output...)
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```
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This can be helpful if you want to know, which filesystem you actually
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use on your OpenBSD box.
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## Create a Win95 FAT32 USB stick
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When you `fdisk -iy sd2` (for example) a USB stick, you usually create
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one single OpenBSD partition at the 4<sup>th</sup> position. When you then
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try to `newfs_msdos -F 32 -L Label sd2i` the layout is gone -- happened to
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me several times until I got fed up and investigated.
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I don't know why that happened, but I got my way to create USB sticks, that
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actually work with other devices like my amateur radios that need those fancy
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microSD cards.
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Delete the first bytes on the stick:
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~~~console
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$ doas dd if=/dev/zero bs=1m count=1 of=/dev/rsd2c
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~~~
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Create the needed partition:
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~~~console
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$ echo -n 'edit 0\n0c\n\n2048\n*\nq\n' | doas fdisk -e sd2
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~~~
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A short explanation (`\n` is basically a newline; the <kbd>Enter</kbd> key):
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- `edit 0\n`: edit the first entry (`fdisk -iy sd2` would edit the 4th entry)
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- `0c\n`: selects **Win95 FAT32L** as file system format
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- `\n`: only hit enter and use the default _[n]_
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- `2048\n`: Start of the partition
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- `*\n`: Special size value -- means the remainder of the disk (like `-1` on many other tools)
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- `q\n`: write MBR and quits the program
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This results in a partition table like this:
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~~~console
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$ fdisk sd2
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Disk: sd2 geometry: 966/255/63 [15523840 Sectors]
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Offset: 0 Signature: 0xAA55
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Starting Ending LBA Info:
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#: id C H S - C H S [ start: size ]
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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0: 0C 0 32 33 - 966 80 10 [ 2048: 15521792 ] Win95 FAT32L
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1: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] Unused
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2: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] Unused
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3: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] Unused
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~~~
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whereas a `fdisk -iy sd2` creates a table like this:
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~~~console
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$ fdisk sd2
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Disk: sd2 geometry: 966/255/63 [15523840 Sectors]
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Offset: 0 Signature: 0xAA55
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Starting Ending LBA Info:
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#: id C H S - C H S [ start: size ]
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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0: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] Unused
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1: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] Unused
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2: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] Unused
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*3: A6 0 1 2 - 966 80 10 [ 64: 15523776 ] OpenBSD
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~~~
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Don't forget to create the file system:
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~~~console
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$ doas newfs_msdos -F 32 -L 8GB_Stick sd2i
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~~~
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## Packages / Ports
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Updating dependencies before installing (switch `-U`) does help sometimes...
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> Can't install [package] because of libraries
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~~~console
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$ doas pkg_add -uiU
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~~~
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Should fix that.
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## Python
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### ModuleNotFoundError
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Install python modules with pip.
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~~~console
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$ python3 -m pip install --user --upgrade ${example_module}
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~~~
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## Git
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## Cloudlog (server)
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Cloudlog is a webapplication written in PHP that allows ham radio amateurs
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to log contacts online. I host my own instance on my server and I finally
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looked into why I never got satellites shown in <kbd>SAT Timers</kbd>.
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I use php-fpm and it is running as the user `www`. It is kind of jailed and it
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cannot read `/etc/ssl/cert.pem` -- so the https connections cannot be verified
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and it failes at downloading the satellites infos from other websites.
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I solved this by copying `/etc/ssl` to `/var/www/etc/ssl` via rsync, keeping file
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permissions intact. I may setup a cronjob for this maybe.
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~~~console
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$ cd /var/www
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$ doas rsync -avhzrp /etc/ssl/ etc/ssl
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sending incremental file list
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created directory etc/ssl
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./
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cert.pem
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ikeca.cnf
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openssl.cnf
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x509v3.cnf
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private/
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sent 155.82K bytes received 133 bytes 311.90K bytes/sec
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total size is 344.08K speedup is 2.21
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$ doas rcctl restart php80_fpm
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php80_fpm(ok)
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php80_fpm(ok)
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~~~
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## Cloudlog (client)
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Use of the online logging tool Cloudlog on my OpenBSD machine.
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First off, connect the TX-500 with the computer (CAT cable) and
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start `rigctld`:
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```console
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$ rigctld -m 2014 -r /dev/cuaU0 -s 9600 -v
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```
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I use `2014` which is actually a Kenwood TS-2000 -- but on OpenBSD hamlib is currently
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at version 4.4 and the TX-500 is only available on
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[version ≥4.5](https://github.com/Hamlib/Hamlib/blob/master/NEWS#L199).
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For newer hamlib versions (≥4.5) use the rig 2050 like:
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```console
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$ rigctld -m 2050 -r /dev/cuaU0 -s 9600 -v
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```
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In combination with Digirig I would probably use something like this,
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because otherwise Digirig would instantly key the transceiver:
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```console
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$ rigctld -m 2014 -r /dev/cuaU0 -s 9600 --set-conf=rts_state=OFF -v
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```
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Well, I tested this on my desk at home but never used my Laptop for
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doing digital modes with my TX-500 though -- but I want this to be noted
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here just in case I should need it someday.
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On another terminal start [`cloudlogbashcat.sh`](https://github.com/g0wfv/CloudlogBashCat):
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```console
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$ cloudlogbashcat.sh
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```
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Now, if you open the website of your Cloudlog installation (and if you have
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setup your rigs) and select the radio that uses cloudlogbashcat.
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## Z-Shell
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### Where is this alias defined?
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I defined an alias `ls` but I forgot where it was.
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~~~console
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$ PS4='+%x:%I>' zsh -i -x -c '' |& grep ls
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~~~
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There will be a lot of screen output probably.
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### Renaming multiple directories
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~~~console
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$ count=1; zmv -n '*' '$f[1,4]/$((count++))-$f[12,-1]'
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mv -- 2023-08-05-problems-with-apt-keys-on-my-hotspots 2023/51-problems-with-apt-keys-on-my-hotspots
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mv -- 2023-08-26-dmrhost-on-a-raspberrypi4-with-openbsd-or-freebsd 2023/52-dmrhost-on-a-raspberrypi4-with-openbsd-or-freebsd
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mv -- 2023-09-16-openbsd-current-built-from-source 2023/53-openbsd-current-built-from-source
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~~~
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Moves subdirectories into other folder structure with a counting variable.
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~~~console
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$ count=16; zmv -Q '*(/)' '$((count++))-$f[12,-1]'
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mv -- 2021-08-08-win10-grub2-and-uefi 16-win10-grub2-and-uefi
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mv -- 2021-08-12-running-n1mm-logger-on-linux 17-running-n1mm-logger-on-linux
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mv -- 2021-10-03-winlink-and-vara-on-linux 18-winlink-and-vara-on-linux
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mv -- 2021-10-03-wordlist-generation 19-wordlist-generation
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mv -- 2021-10-26-processes-accessing-mountpoints 20-processes-accessing-mountpoints
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~~~
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That was the second part, counting from where we stopped from the previous directory.
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There was a draft post left in `2022` which I deleted, now I had to renumber the folders
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from `28-*` to `34-` to a number lower by 1.
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~~~console
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$ for i in {29..34}; do zmv -n -W $i'*' $((--i))'*'; done
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mv -- 29-using-nfs-on-a-raspberry-pi 28-using-nfs-on-a-raspberry-pi
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mv -- 30-vpn-tunnel-into-hamnet-on-fedora-36 29-vpn-tunnel-into-hamnet-on-fedora-36
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mv -- 31-winlink-on-linux-fix-invalid-handle-on-logfiles 30-winlink-on-linux-fix-invalid-handle-on-logfiles
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mv -- 32-hamnet-on-the-pfsense 31-hamnet-on-the-pfsense
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mv -- 33-changing-network-metrics-on-linux 32-changing-network-metrics-on-linux
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mv -- 34-change-git-submodule-url 33-change-git-submodule-url
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~~~
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So, there is still one post left that is actually a draft post and I'd like to
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remove the leading number from that directory.
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~~~console
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$ zmv -n -W '59-*' '*'
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mv -- 59-pat-winlink-on-openbsd pat-winlink-on-openbsd
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~~~
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