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---
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title: MMDVM D-STAR hotspot on Archlinux
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summary: I wrote down the installation of a forked DStarGateway with a slim
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dashboard based on Javascript on a Raspberry Pi 2.
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date: 2024-01-29T13:01:26+0100
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#lastmod:
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categories:
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- amateur-radio
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tags:
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- archlinux
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- dstar
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- hotspot
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- linux
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- mmdvm
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- raspberry-pi
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# showBreadcrumbs: true
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# showDate: false
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# showReadingTime: false
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# showWordCount: false
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# showPagination: false
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# feed_exclude: true
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# site_exclude: true
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# some help
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#
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# highlighting with highlights
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#
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# use table, as inline creates a padding around
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# and it pushes the text more to the right side (end of screen)
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#
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# ~~~html {linenos=table,hl_lines="3-6"}
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# ~~~html {linenos=inline,hl_lines="1,3-6"}
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draft: true
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---
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## Installation of Archlinux
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I usually setup any Raspberry Pi without screen and keyboard but I make use of
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the [serial console](https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#configuring-uarts).
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This procedure is taken from
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[archlinuxarm.org](https://archlinuxarm.org/platforms/armv7/broadcom/raspberry-pi-2)
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-- it is shown with more details there.
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### Preparations (microSD card)
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Partition the microSD card on your PC or laptop.
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~~~console
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$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
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~~~
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~~~
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Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
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/dev/sda1 2048 411647 409600 200M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
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/dev/sda2 411648 15759359 15347712 7.3G 83 Linux
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~~~
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Format filesystems.
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~~~console
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$ sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sda1
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$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
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~~~
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I am curerntly in `~/mnt`.
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~~~console
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$ mkdir boot root
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$ sudo mount /dev/sda1 boot
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$ sudo mount /dev/sda2 root
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$ wget http://os.archlinuxarm.org/os/ArchLinuxARM-rpi-armv7-latest.tar.gz
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$ sudo bsdtar -xpf ArchLinuxARM-rpi-armv7-latest.tar.gz -C root
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$ sync
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$ sudo mv root/boot/* boot/
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$ sudo umount boot root
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~~~
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So, place the microSD card in the Raspberry Pi and boot it up (with the serial console connected).
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### First start
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There are the following two users pre-defined:
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| Username | Password |
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|------------| -----------|
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| _root_ | _root_ |
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| _alarm_ | _alarm_ |
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I prefer my username as _dominic_, so I changed it:
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~~~console
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# usermod -l dominic -d /home/dominic -m alarm
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# groupmod -n dominic alarm
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~~~
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{{< alert circle-info >}}
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The user _alarm_ may come from **A**rch**L**inux **ARM**.
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{{< /alert >}}
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So the first real thing is upgrading the system. We start as this:
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~~~console
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# pacman-key --init
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# pacman-key --populate archlinuxarm
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# pacman -Syu
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~~~
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Some general system administration tasks as time setup network setup etc...
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I'm using NetworkManager on the Raspi so I install it
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~~~console
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# pacman -S networkmanager
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# nmcli device wifi connect {network-ssid} --ask
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~~~
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Now we may login via ssh.
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I had some problems with date and time, so a look at `systemd-timesyncd.service`,
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`timedatectl status`, `timedatectl show-timesync` and `timedatectl timesync-status`
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could be useful.
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At this time this is still not working and I think about running this within
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a timer:
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~~~console
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$ sudo ntpdate {ntp-host}
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~~~
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Needs the package _npt_:
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~~~console
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$ sudo pacman -S ntp
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~~~
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## Installation of DStarGateway
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I prefer compiling as normal user so I login as _dominic_. We will need some packages.
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~~~console
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$ sudo pacman -S --needed base-devel wget boost man-db gtest bind
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~~~
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I hope I got all that we need, if you run into errors, just install the missing ones :wink:
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~~~console
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$ mkdir git && cd git
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$ git clone https://github.com/F4FXL/DStarGateway.git
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$ cd DStarGateway
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$ make
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~~~
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This ran for 38 minutes -- I will not forget to run `make -j4` the next time :face_with_rolling_eyes:
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You would now typically install the files but this is the part that made me stop for a while.
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~~~console
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$ sudo make install
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~~~
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It will break, but at least it installs the binary files into `/usr/local/bin`.
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Whatever I was doing, it won't work automated. I'm not a developer, but to me this looks
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like as if `make -C` enters the directory before it runs the top-level Makefile so the
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`export ...` lines never get executed and the Makefiles in the sub-directories will never
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know about them, I have to manually install the `Data` folder contents (AMBE files, Hostfiles).
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Move to the `Data` directory and add the following line on top of the file:
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~~~make
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export DATA_DIR=/usr/local/share/dstargateway.d
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~~~
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Then run `sudo make install` within the `Data` directory again and all should be fine.
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Also install the hostfiles (will need the program _wget_).
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~~~console
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$ sudo make newhostfiles
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~~~
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Copy the systemd unit files to the right directory per hand:
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~~~console
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$ sudo cp debian/* /usr/lib/systemd/system/
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~~~
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{{< alert >}}
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Inspect them because you may edit some paths.
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{{< /alert >}}
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Also have a look at the configuration files in `/usr/local/etc/`.
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Enable the services, but I don't start them yet (except for a short test) because
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the hotspot will connect to the DSTAR reflector but we can't talk or hear anything.
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Once they are enabled, they will autostart at the next reboot.
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To enable the services:
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~~~console
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$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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$ sudo systemctl enable dstargateway.service
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$ sudo systemctl enable dgwtimeserver.service
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~~~
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The second is only needed if you want time announcements.
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## Installation of MMDVMHost
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Also this requires special packages:
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~~~console
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$ sudo pacman -S libsamplerate
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~~~
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~~~console
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$ git clone git@github.com:g4klx/MMDVMHost.git
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$ cd MMDVMHost
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$ make -j4
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$ sudo make install-service
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~~~
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That would probably fail, but we can do it by hand.
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Setup the user _mmdvm_:
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~~~console
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$ sudo useradd --user-group -M --system mmdvm --shell /bin/false
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$ sudo usermod --groups uucp --append mmdvm
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~~~
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So we run the command one more time:
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~~~console
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$ sudo make install-service
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~~~
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Binaries are installed and the systemd unit files too.
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Modify the configuration file `/etc/MMDVM.ini`.
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Enable the service:
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~~~console
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$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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$ sudo systemctl enable mmdvmhost.service
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~~~
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## Setup the UART
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We can't start MMDVMHost right away (well, we can, but it will not work yet).
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We need to disable the serial console because we need the UART at the GPIO pins
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for our modem hardware.
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Disable the service, that accesses the serial console:
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~~~console
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$ sudo systemctl disable serial-getty@ttyAMA0.service
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~~~
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Open `/boot/cmdline.txt` and remove `console=serial0,115200` from the line. Save
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and reboot.
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## Configuration
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Make sure to check them before bringing up any service.
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### DStarGateway
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I removed unused configuration parts, you can leave them in your config, but I
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want this code here as small as possible without loosing too much of information.
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~~~ini
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[Gateway]
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type=hotspot
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callsign=OE7DRT
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address=0.0.0.0
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icomAddress=172.16.0.20
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icomPort=20000
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hbAddress=
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hbPort=20010
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latitude=0.0
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longitude=0.0
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description1=
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description2=
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url=
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language=english_us
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[ircddb_1]
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enabled=true
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hostname=ircv4.openquad.net
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username=
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password=
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[ircddb_2]
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enabled=false
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# [...]
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[ircddb_3]
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enabled=false
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# [...]
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[ircddb_4]
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enabled=false
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# [...]
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[Repeater_1]
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enabled=true
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band=E
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callsign=OE7DRT
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address=
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port=20011
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type=hb
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reflector=REF096 A
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reflectorAtStartup=
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reflectorReconnect=5
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frequency=432.7625
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offset=-0.0
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rangeKm=20
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latitude=0.0
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longitude=0.0
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agl=
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description1=
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description2=
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url=
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band1=
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band2=
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band3=
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[Repeater_2]
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enabled=false
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# [...]
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[Repeater_3]
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enabled=false
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# [...]
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[Repeater_4]
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enabled=false
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# [...]
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[APRS]
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enabled=false
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hostname=rotate.aprs2.net
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port=14580
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password=12345
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positionSource=
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[GPSD]
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address=
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port=
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[Log]
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path=/var/log/dstargateway/
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fileRoot=
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fileRotate=
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fileLevel=
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displayLevel=
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[Paths]
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data=/usr/local/share/dstargateway.d/
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[DExtra]
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enabled=true
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maxDongles=5
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[DPlus]
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enabled=true
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maxDongles=5
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login=
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[DCS]
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enabled=true
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[XLX]
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enabled=true
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hostfileUrl=http://xlxapi.rlx.lu/api.php?do=GetXLXDMRMaster
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[DRats]
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enabled=false
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[Remote]
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enabled=false
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port=4242
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password=CHANGE_ME
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[AccessControl]
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whiteList=
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blackList=
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restrictList=
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[Daemon]
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daemon=false
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pidfile=/var/run/dstargateway/dstargateway.pid
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user=dstar
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~~~
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You can set `band=B` or `band=C` in `[Repeater_1]`. I have `E` because I sometimes
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test a dual-hat hotspot which used to have `B` set and I've already setup `E` in my
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DSTAR terminal settings on [regist.dstargateway.org](https://regist.dstargateway.org/).
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### MMDVMHost
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This would be a very long list, I removed things that I did not change from the example
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config file. I also changed some values to not have a duplicate of my hotspot running
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wild somewhere, so make sure you change all the options to match your own setup.
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~~~ini
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[General]
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Callsign=CALLSIGN
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Id={DMR_ID} # or CCS or whatever this is called
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Timeout=180
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Duplex=0
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RFModeHang=10
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NetModeHang=3
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Display=None
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Daemon=1
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[Info]
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RXFrequency=432762500
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TXFrequency=432762500
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Power=1
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Latitude=0.0
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Longitude=0.0
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Height=0
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Location=Home
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Description=DSTAR Hotspot
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URL=https://oe7drt.com
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[Log]
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DisplayLevel=0
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FileLevel=2
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FilePath=/var/log/mmdvm/
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FileRoot=MMDVM
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FileRotate=1
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[CW Id]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
Time=10
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[DMR Id Lookup]
|
||||||
|
File=DMRIds.dat
|
||||||
|
Time=24
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[NXDN Id Lookup]
|
||||||
|
File=NXDN.csv
|
||||||
|
Time=24
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Modem]
|
||||||
|
Protocol=uart
|
||||||
|
UARTPort=/dev/ttyAMA0
|
||||||
|
UARTSpeed=115200
|
||||||
|
TXInvert=1
|
||||||
|
RXInvert=0
|
||||||
|
PTTInvert=0
|
||||||
|
TXDelay=100
|
||||||
|
RXOffset=-75
|
||||||
|
TXOffset=-75
|
||||||
|
DMRDelay=0
|
||||||
|
RXLevel=50
|
||||||
|
TXLevel=50
|
||||||
|
RXDCOffset=0
|
||||||
|
TXDCOffset=0
|
||||||
|
RFLevel=100
|
||||||
|
RSSIMappingFile=RSSI.dat
|
||||||
|
UseCOSAsLockout=0
|
||||||
|
Trace=0
|
||||||
|
Debug=0
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Transparent Data]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[D-Star]
|
||||||
|
Enable=1
|
||||||
|
Module=E
|
||||||
|
SelfOnly=1
|
||||||
|
AckReply=1
|
||||||
|
AckTime=750
|
||||||
|
AckMessage=0
|
||||||
|
ErrorReply=1
|
||||||
|
RemoteGateway=0
|
||||||
|
WhiteList=
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[DMR]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[System Fusion]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[P25]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[NXDN]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[M17]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[FM]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[AX.25]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[D-Star Network]
|
||||||
|
Enable=1
|
||||||
|
LocalAddress=127.0.0.1
|
||||||
|
LocalPort=20011
|
||||||
|
GatewayAddress=127.0.0.1
|
||||||
|
GatewayPort=20010
|
||||||
|
Debug=0
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[DMR Network]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[System Fusion Network]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[P25 Network]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[NXDN Network]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[M17 Network]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[POCSAG Network]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[FM Network]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[AX.25 Network]
|
||||||
|
Enable=0
|
||||||
|
# [...]
|
||||||
|
~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### dgwtimeserver
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
~~~ini
|
||||||
|
[TimeServer]
|
||||||
|
callsign=OE7DRT
|
||||||
|
address=
|
||||||
|
format=voice
|
||||||
|
language=english_us_2
|
||||||
|
interval=60
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Paths]
|
||||||
|
data=/usr/local/share/dstargateway.d/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Repeater_1]
|
||||||
|
enabled=true
|
||||||
|
band=E
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Repeater_2]
|
||||||
|
enabled=false
|
||||||
|
band=
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Repeater_3]
|
||||||
|
enabled=false
|
||||||
|
band=
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Repeater_4]
|
||||||
|
enabled=false
|
||||||
|
band=
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Log]
|
||||||
|
path=/var/log/dstargateway/
|
||||||
|
fileRoot=
|
||||||
|
fileRotate=
|
||||||
|
fileLevel=
|
||||||
|
displayLevel=
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Daemon]
|
||||||
|
daemon=false
|
||||||
|
pidfile=/var/run/dstargateway/dstargateway.pid
|
||||||
|
user=dstar
|
||||||
|
~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Install a dashboard
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
I will install the [dashboard from John Hays (K7VE)](https://github.com/johnhays/dsgwdashboard)
|
||||||
|
as my first look at it looked promising.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
But: I will not install this as it is in his instructions, because I don't like
|
||||||
|
when these kind of applications (simple dashboards for example) have to be run
|
||||||
|
as the _root_ user. I will therefore create a new user called _dashboard_ who
|
||||||
|
will run the webserver later.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
We need a few packages for this:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
~~~console
|
||||||
|
$ sudo pacman -S nodejs npm
|
||||||
|
~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Create and impersonate our new user:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
~~~console
|
||||||
|
$ sudo useradd --user-group -m --system dashboard --shell /bin/bash
|
||||||
|
$ sudo su - dashboard
|
||||||
|
~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Now we are the user _dashboard_ and we will install the dashboard:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
~~~console
|
||||||
|
$ git@github.com:johnhays/dsgwdashboard.git
|
||||||
|
$ cd dsgwdashboard
|
||||||
|
$ node -v
|
||||||
|
$ npm install -save
|
||||||
|
~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
We would now install some certificates to let the webserver be accessible
|
||||||
|
via HTTPS, but I maintain a reverse-proxy at my home which will take care
|
||||||
|
of all the https-connections.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Therefore I modify the `index.js` file according to the following patch:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
~~~patch
|
||||||
|
diff --git a/index.js b/index.js
|
||||||
|
index 0c71092..502933e 100644
|
||||||
|
--- a/index.js
|
||||||
|
+++ b/index.js
|
||||||
|
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
||||||
|
-const https = require("https");
|
||||||
|
+const http = require("http");
|
||||||
|
const fs = require("fs");
|
||||||
|
const ini = require("ini");
|
||||||
|
const lineReader = require('line-reader');
|
||||||
|
@@ -32,12 +32,8 @@ updatelinks();
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
let serverPort = inifile.config.port;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
-const server = https
|
||||||
|
+const server = http
|
||||||
|
.createServer(
|
||||||
|
- {
|
||||||
|
- key: fs.readFileSync("key.pem"),
|
||||||
|
- cert: fs.readFileSync("cert.pem"),
|
||||||
|
- },
|
||||||
|
app
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
.listen(serverPort, ()=>{
|
||||||
|
~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Modify the `dashboard.ini` file to change the port from 443 to 8443.
|
||||||
|
Why? Because I want to run the webserver as non-root user[^1]!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
~~~ini
|
||||||
|
[config]
|
||||||
|
dgwconfig=/usr/local/etc/dstargateway.cfg
|
||||||
|
host=hotspot.oe7drt.net
|
||||||
|
port=8443
|
||||||
|
~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
{{< alert circle-info >}}
|
||||||
|
This might be confusing now, the **actual host** above does not listen to port 8443 because
|
||||||
|
there is a reverse-proxy in-between (and actually a firewall/router too).
|
||||||
|
{{< /alert >}}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The actual path of this host and how it will be routed:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
{{< mermaid >}}
|
||||||
|
%%{init: {"flowchart": {"htmlLabels": false}} }%%
|
||||||
|
graph LR;
|
||||||
|
A([Internet user]):::usr -- "`**HTTPS**`" -->B["`router/firewall
|
||||||
|
_hotspot.oe7drt.net_`"]:::fw;
|
||||||
|
B-- "`**HTTPS**`" -->C["`reverse-proxy
|
||||||
|
_proxy.lan_`"]:::rev;
|
||||||
|
C-- "`**HTTP**`" -->D["`hotspot dashboard
|
||||||
|
_hotspot.lan_`"]:::dash;
|
||||||
|
classDef usr stroke:#faa
|
||||||
|
classDef fw stroke:#f55
|
||||||
|
classDef rev stroke:#9f9
|
||||||
|
classDef dash stroke:#0f0
|
||||||
|
{{< /mermaid >}}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This configuration is now as slim as I could make, removing encryption on the dashboard
|
||||||
|
made it even better in terms of performance and maintainability as I don't have to
|
||||||
|
worry about the certificates on this host and no direct port-forwarding to this host
|
||||||
|
has been made.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
I will now disable the shell for the _dashboard_ user because I won't need
|
||||||
|
to login as the _dashboard_ user again.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
~~~console
|
||||||
|
$ sudo chsh -s /bin/false dashboard
|
||||||
|
~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[^1]: Ports below <kbd>1024</kbd> can only be used as the _root_ user. Those are socalled
|
||||||
|
[privileged ports](https://www.w3.org/Daemon/User/Installation/PrivilegedPorts.html).
|
||||||
|
To run the program as non-root user we need to set the port to something
|
||||||
|
above <kbd>1024</kbd>.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Start the dashboard with systemd
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
John already provides a systemd unit file, we need to copy this to the
|
||||||
|
right directory.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
~~~console
|
||||||
|
$ sudo cp /home/dashboard/dsgwdashboard/util/dsgwdashboard.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
|
||||||
|
~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Edit the file, because John uses different paths than we do.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
~~~systemd {hl_lines="7 9"}
|
||||||
|
[Unit]
|
||||||
|
Description=D-STAR Gateway Dashboard
|
||||||
|
After=network.target,network-online.target
|
||||||
|
Wants=network-online.target
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Service]
|
||||||
|
User=dashboard
|
||||||
|
Type=simple
|
||||||
|
WorkingDirectory=/home/dashboard/dsgwdashboard
|
||||||
|
ExecStart=/usr/bin/node index.js
|
||||||
|
Restart=on-failure
|
||||||
|
RestartSec=5
|
||||||
|
StartLimitIntervalSec=60
|
||||||
|
StartLimitBurst=0
|
||||||
|
StandardOutput=syslog
|
||||||
|
StandardError=syslog
|
||||||
|
[Install]
|
||||||
|
WantedBy=multi-user.target
|
||||||
|
~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Enable and start the dashboard:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
~~~console
|
||||||
|
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||||
|
$ sudo systemctl enable --now dsgwdashboard.service
|
||||||
|
~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## DSTAR Registration
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A DSTAR registration is needed if you want your transmission to to
|
||||||
|
be heard on original ICOM repeaters. Otherwise your transmission will
|
||||||
|
not be forwarded and you may be searching for errors...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
I registered in 2020 at <https://regist.dstargateway.org/> but there
|
||||||
|
is one important thing to add to the webui there: do not choose long
|
||||||
|
passwords (like those from a password manager) because it will get
|
||||||
|
cut off somewhere and it took me quite a while to realize that.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
{{< alert skull-crossbones >}}
|
||||||
|
**I can't believe that there are still websites in 2024 that limit
|
||||||
|
the lenght of a password!**
|
||||||
|
{{< /alert >}}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This can be an indication, that our passwords are saved in **cleartext**.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
{{< alert >}}
|
||||||
|
This is one reason to not use the same password on different websites/services.
|
||||||
|
{{< /alert >}}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
For your information: 12 characters work -- I couldn't bring me back up to test more.
|
||||||
|
Many password-reset emails have been sent for this already so I couldn't be
|
||||||
|
bothered to investigate even more into that.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -1,397 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: MMDVM hotspot on Archlinux
|
|
||||||
summary: I wrote down the installation of a forked DStarGateway with a slim
|
|
||||||
dashboard based on Javascript on a Raspberry Pi 2.
|
|
||||||
date: 2024-01-29T09:41:00+0100
|
|
||||||
#lastmod:
|
|
||||||
categories:
|
|
||||||
- amateur-radio
|
|
||||||
tags:
|
|
||||||
- archlinux
|
|
||||||
- dstar
|
|
||||||
- hotspot
|
|
||||||
- linux
|
|
||||||
- mmdvm
|
|
||||||
- raspberry-pi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# showBreadcrumbs: true
|
|
||||||
# showDate: false
|
|
||||||
# showReadingTime: false
|
|
||||||
# showWordCount: false
|
|
||||||
# showPagination: false
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# feed_exclude: true
|
|
||||||
# site_exclude: true
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# some help
|
|
||||||
#
|
|
||||||
# highlighting with highlights
|
|
||||||
#
|
|
||||||
# use table, as inline creates a padding around
|
|
||||||
# and it pushes the text more to the right side (end of screen)
|
|
||||||
#
|
|
||||||
# ~~~html {linenos=table,hl_lines="3-6"}
|
|
||||||
# ~~~html {linenos=inline,hl_lines="1,3-6"}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
draft: true
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Installation ala wiki pages
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I usually setup any Raspberry Pi without screen and keyboard but I make use of
|
|
||||||
the [serial console](https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#configuring-uarts).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Preparations (microSD card)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Partition the microSD card.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
|
|
||||||
/dev/sda1 2048 411647 409600 200M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
|
|
||||||
/dev/sda2 411648 15759359 15347712 7.3G 83 Linux
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Format filesystems.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sda1
|
|
||||||
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I am curerntly in `~/mnt`.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ mkdir boot root
|
|
||||||
$ sudo mount /dev/sda1 boot
|
|
||||||
$ sudo mount /dev/sda2 root
|
|
||||||
$ wget http://os.archlinuxarm.org/os/ArchLinuxARM-rpi-armv7-latest.tar.gz
|
|
||||||
$ sudo bsdtar -xpf ArchLinuxARM-rpi-armv7-latest.tar.gz -C root
|
|
||||||
$ sync
|
|
||||||
$ sudo mv root/boot/* boot/
|
|
||||||
$ sudo umount boot root
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So, place the microSD card in the Raspberry Pi and boot it up (with the serial console connected).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### First start
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
There are the following two users pre-defined:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| Username | Password |
|
|
||||||
|------------| -----------|
|
|
||||||
| _root_ | _root_ |
|
|
||||||
| _alarm_ | _alarm_ |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I prefer my username as _dominic_, so I changed it:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
# usermod -l dominic -d /home/dominic -m alarm
|
|
||||||
# groupmod -n dominic alarm
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
{{< alert circle-info >}}
|
|
||||||
The user _alarm_ may come from **A**rch**L**inux **ARM**.
|
|
||||||
{{< /alert >}}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So the first real thing is upgrading the system. We start as this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
# pacman-key --init
|
|
||||||
# pacman-key --populate archlinuxarm
|
|
||||||
# pacman -Syu
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Some general system administration tasks as time setup network setup etc...
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I'm using NetworkManager on the Raspi so I install it
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
# pacman -S networkmanager
|
|
||||||
# nmcli device wifi connect {network-ssid} --ask
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Now we may login via ssh.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Installation of DStarGateway
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I prefer compiling as normal user so I login as _dominic_. We will need some packages.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo pacman -S --needed base-devel wget boost man-db gtest
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I hope I got all that we need, if you run into errors, just install the missing ones :wink:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ mkdir git && cd git
|
|
||||||
$ git clone https://github.com/F4FXL/DStarGateway.git
|
|
||||||
$ cd DStarGateway
|
|
||||||
$ make
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This ran for 38 minutes -- I will not forget to add `-j4` the next time :face_with_rolling_eyes:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You would now typically install the files but this is the part that made me stop for a while.
|
|
||||||
Whatever I was doing, it won't work automated. I'm not a developer, but to me this looks like as
|
|
||||||
if `make -C` enters the directory before it runs the top-level Makefile so the `export ...` lines
|
|
||||||
never get executed and the Makefiles in the sub-directories will never know about them. I didn't
|
|
||||||
want to dive deeper into this and decided to just install the rest by hand.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo make install
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It will break, but at least install the binary files into `/usr/local/bin`. Also install the
|
|
||||||
hostfiles (will need the program _wget_).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo make newhostfiles
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Copy the systemd unit files to the right directory per hand:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo cp debian/* /usr/lib/systemd/system/
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
{{< alert >}}
|
|
||||||
Inspect them because you may edit some paths.
|
|
||||||
{{< /alert >}}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Also have a look at the configuration files in `/usr/local/etc/`.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Enable the services, but I don't start them yet (except for a short test) because
|
|
||||||
the hotspot will connect to the DSTAR reflector but we can't talk or hear anything.
|
|
||||||
Once they are enabled, they will autostart at the next reboot.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To enable the services:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo systemctl enable dstargateway.service
|
|
||||||
$ sudo systemctl enable dgwtimeserver.service
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Because the `make install` did not finish before, I have to manually install the
|
|
||||||
`Data` folder contents (AMBE files, Hostfiles). I could not get this to work the
|
|
||||||
way it was described in the repository, but I installed them this way:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Move to the `Data` directory and add the following line on top of the file:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~make
|
|
||||||
export DATA_DIR=/usr/local/share/dstargateway.d/
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then rund `sudo make install` within the `Data` directory again and all should be fine.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Installation of MMDVMHost
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Also this requires special packages, although I think those are for the new
|
|
||||||
FM features -- that a hotspot won't use at all...
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo pacman -S libsamplerate
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ git clone git@github.com:g4klx/MMDVMHost.git
|
|
||||||
$ cd MMDVMHost
|
|
||||||
$ make -j4
|
|
||||||
$ sudo make install-service
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
That would fail, but we can do it by hand.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Setup the user _mmdvm_:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo useradd --user-group -M --system mmdvm --shell /bin/false
|
|
||||||
$ sudo usermod --groups uucp --append mmdvm
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So we run the command one more time:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo make install-service
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Binaries are installed and the systemd unit files too.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Modify the configuration file `/etc/MMDVM.ini`.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Enable the service:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
|
|
||||||
$ sudo systemctl enable mmdvmhost.service
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Setup the UART
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We can't start MMDVMHost right away (well, we can, but it will not work yet).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We need to disable the serial console because we need the UART at the GPIO pins
|
|
||||||
for our modem hardware.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Disable the service, that accesses the serial console:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo systemctl disable serial-getty@ttyAMA0.service
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Open `/boot/cmdline.txt` and remove `console=serial0,115200` from the line. Save
|
|
||||||
and reboot.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Configuration
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### DStarGateway
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### MMDVMHost
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### dgwtimeserver
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Install a dashboard
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I will install the [dashboard from John Hays (K7VE)](https://github.com/johnhays/dsgwdashboard)
|
|
||||||
as my first look at it looked promising (using Javascript (which is executed
|
|
||||||
on the client and not the server) may reduce the load on the webserver).
|
|
||||||
[Past installations of dashboards]({{< ref "/posts/2022/26-raspberry-pi-4-64bit-dual-hat-hotspot-without-pi-star" >}})
|
|
||||||
did usually include a form of request limitation because the many websocket requests
|
|
||||||
of other dashboards put too much pressure on the small Raspberry Pies :exploding_head:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I will not install this as per instructions, because I don't like when these kind
|
|
||||||
of applications (simple dashboards for example) have to be run as the _root_ user.
|
|
||||||
I will therefore create a new user called _dashboard_ as which the "webserver"
|
|
||||||
(which is a NodeJS application) will run.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We need a few packages for this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo pacman -S nodejs npm
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Create and impersonate our new user:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo useradd --user-group -m --system dashboard --shell /bin/bash
|
|
||||||
$ sudo su - dashboard
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Now we are the user _dashboard_ and we will install the dashboard:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ git@github.com:johnhays/dsgwdashboard.git
|
|
||||||
$ cd dsgwdashboard
|
|
||||||
$ node -v
|
|
||||||
$ npm install -save
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Create and install some self-signed certificates into the `dsgwdashboard`
|
|
||||||
directory because the server needs them to start. I personally would like
|
|
||||||
to have the possibility to only serve the pages via plain old HTTP
|
|
||||||
(without SSL/TLS) because I run most of my pages through a reverse-proxy
|
|
||||||
that takes care of all the certification.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you don't need to use HTTPS you may find this patch interesting:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~patch
|
|
||||||
diff --git a/index.js b/index.js
|
|
||||||
index 0c71092..502933e 100644
|
|
||||||
--- a/index.js
|
|
||||||
+++ b/index.js
|
|
||||||
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|
||||||
-const https = require("https");
|
|
||||||
+const http = require("http");
|
|
||||||
const fs = require("fs");
|
|
||||||
const ini = require("ini");
|
|
||||||
const lineReader = require('line-reader');
|
|
||||||
@@ -32,12 +32,8 @@ updatelinks();
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let serverPort = inifile.config.port;
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
-const server = https
|
|
||||||
+const server = http
|
|
||||||
.createServer(
|
|
||||||
- {
|
|
||||||
- key: fs.readFileSync("key.pem"),
|
|
||||||
- cert: fs.readFileSync("cert.pem"),
|
|
||||||
- },
|
|
||||||
app
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
.listen(serverPort, ()=>{
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Next we will modify the `dashboard.ini` file because we will change the
|
|
||||||
port from 443 to 8443. Why? Because[^1]!
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~ini
|
|
||||||
[config]
|
|
||||||
dgwconfig=/usr/local/etc/dstargateway.cfg
|
|
||||||
host=hotspot.oe7drt.net
|
|
||||||
port=8443
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
{{< alert circle-info >}}
|
|
||||||
This might be confusing now, the host above does not listen to port 8443 because
|
|
||||||
there is a reverse-proxy in-between (and actually a firewall/router too).
|
|
||||||
{{< /alert >}}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This configuration is now as slim as I could make, removing encryption on the dashboard
|
|
||||||
made it even better in terms of performance and maintainability as we don't have to
|
|
||||||
worry about our certificates on this host and no direct port-forwarding to this host
|
|
||||||
has been made -- but our dashboard can still be accesses from the internet in encrypted
|
|
||||||
form.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The actual path of this host and how it will be routed:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
{{< mermaid >}}
|
|
||||||
%%{init: {"flowchart": {"htmlLabels": false}} }%%
|
|
||||||
graph LR;
|
|
||||||
A([Internet user]):::usr -- "`**HTTPS**`" -->B["`router/firewall
|
|
||||||
_hotspot.oe7drt.net_`"]:::fw;
|
|
||||||
B-- "`**HTTPS**`" -->C["`reverse-proxy
|
|
||||||
_proxy.lan_`"]:::rev;
|
|
||||||
C-- "`**HTTP**`" -->D["`hotspot dashboard
|
|
||||||
_hotspot.lan_`"]:::dash;
|
|
||||||
classDef usr stroke:#faa
|
|
||||||
classDef fw stroke:#f55
|
|
||||||
classDef rev stroke:#9f9
|
|
||||||
classDef dash stroke:#0f0
|
|
||||||
{{< /mermaid >}}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We will disable the shell for the _dashboard_ user because we normally
|
|
||||||
won't have to login as _dashboard_ user again.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~console
|
|
||||||
$ sudo chsh -s /bin/false dashboard
|
|
||||||
~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^1]: Ports below <kbd>1024</kbd> can only be used as the _root_ user. Those are socalled
|
|
||||||
[privileged ports](https://www.w3.org/Daemon/User/Installation/PrivilegedPorts.html).
|
|
||||||
To run the program as non-root user we need to set the port to something
|
|
||||||
above <kbd>1024</kbd>.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## DSTAR Registration
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A DSTAR registration is mandatory if you want to be transmitted on
|
|
||||||
original ICOM repeaters. Otherwise your transmission will not be
|
|
||||||
forwarded properly and you may look for errors for a long time...
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I registered in 2020 at <https://regist.dstargateway.org/> but there
|
|
||||||
is one important thing to add to the webui there: do not choose long
|
|
||||||
passwords (like those from a password manager) because it will get
|
|
||||||
cut off somewhere and it took me quite a while to find that error.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
{{< alert skull-crossbones >}}
|
|
||||||
**I can't believe that there are still websites in 2024 that limit
|
|
||||||
the lenght of a password!**
|
|
||||||
{{< /alert >}}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I do have 12 characters now, I usually use 20 or more.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in new issue