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---
title: Raspberry Pi
date: 2024-01-27T11:01:31+0000
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---
Some basic info about Raspberry Pi of any version.
## Activity LED codes
### Up to Raspberry Pi 3 models
#### Actual models
| LED Activity | Description |
|:------------------|:------------------------------------|
| 3 flashes | start.elf not found |
| 4 flashes | start.elf not launch-able (corrupt) |
| 7 flashes | kernel.img not found |
| 8 flashes | SDRAM not recognized. You need a newer bootcode.bin/start.elf firmware, or your SDRAM is damaged |
#### Older models up to Raspberry Pi 3
| LED Activity | Description |
|:------------------|:-------------------------------------|
| 3 flashes | loader.bin not found |
| 4 flashes | loader.bin not launch-able (corrupt) |
| 5 flashes | start.elf not found |
| 6 flashes | start.elf not launch-able |
| 7 flashes | kernel.img not found |
### Raspberry Pi 4
| Long flashes | Short flashes | Description |
|:-------------|:--------------|:------------------------------------|
| 0 | 3 | Generic failure to boot |
| 0 | 4 | start*.elf not found |
| 0 | 7 | Kernel image not found |
| 0 | 8 | SDRAM failure |
| 0 | 9 | Insufficient SDRAM |
| 0 | 10 | In HALT state |
| 2 | 1 | Partition not FAT |
| 2 | 2 | Failed to read from partition |
| 2 | 3 | Extended partition not FAT |
| 2 | 4 | File signature/hash mismatch - Pi 4 |
| 4 | 4 | Unsupported board type |
| 4 | 5 | Fatal firmware error |
| 4 | 6 | Power failure type A |
| 4 | 7 | Power failure type B |
## Freeze a package with apt/apt-get
<https://askubuntu.com/a/18656>
## Raspberry Pi 4
4GB version, if that information is of any use.
#### WiFi setup
Run `wifi-menu`. It does not survice a reboot though!
I prefer `iwctl` or NetworkManager, so what I do:
~~~console
# pacman -S networkmanager
~~~
### No network after boot
Sometimes I make mistakes in my initial `wpa_supplicant.conf` file (that I'd place on
the boot partition of the new Raspberry Pi SDcard). Recently my `wpa_supplicant.conf`
file was totally messed up (a bracket too much I think).
So there is a quick way to connect to a WiFi network with the use of `nmcli` (NetworkManager).
~~~console
$ sudo nmcli device wifi connect [ssid] password [password]
~~~
You can view networks with (no need for _sudo_):
~~~console
$ nmcli device wifi list
~~~
### Moving to testing (from bookworm)
Why would you want to do that in the first place? Well, most
packages on debian _stable_ are quite old -- hence the name _stable_.
If you need newer packages, you should consider moving to the _testing_
branch. I moved my Raspberry Pi 4 to _testing_ because of the starship
prompt that I use on my computers -- it needed a newer version of the
`rustc` package.
First of all, upgrade to the latest packages.
~~~console
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
~~~
Now change the release name (e.g. `bookworm`) to `testing` in `/etc/apt/sources.list`:
~~~
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian testing main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ testing-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian testing-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
~~~
Then update step by step.
~~~console
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade
~~~
> Restart services during package upgrades without asking?
Answer with <kbd>Yes</kbd>.
Finish the update:
~~~console
$ sudo apt full-upgrade
$ sudo reboot
~~~
### Python 3
#### Installing non-packaged modules
I could not find `aprslib` as a package, so I had to install this myself.
Debian did not allow the installation as it did before, so I had to create
a virtual environment. And it went like this:
~~~console
$ python -m venv ~/.env
$ source ~/.env/bin/activate
$ pip install aprslib
$ deactivate
~~~
I now have a similar line in my crontab:
~~~crontab
3 * * * * /home/dominic/.env/bin/python /home/dominic/bin/aprs_sendstatus.py
~~~
We could also create virtual environments per application, module, package etc.
<https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/os.html#python-on-raspberry-pi>
## Raspberry Pi 3
### UPS Plus
An **uninterruptible power supply** (UPS) is very useful if you have your own servers at
home. I've been using one with my old DiskStation (NAS[^1]) but I got rid of the DiskStation
at the end of 2023. I got the UPS Plus for the Raspberry Pi now for a while but never tested
all its features yet (well, I haven't used it much to be honest).
Though, I have some quick notes to remember:
Some software is needed to get status information about the batteries (which are of type 18650).
~~~console
$ python3 -m venv .
$ curl -LsO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/geeekpi/upsplus/main/install.sh
$ bash install.sh
~~~
Any errors can be resolved by installing by hand. In my notes I thought that info is enough, so
here we are :wink:
We may have to edit our crontab:
~~~cron
* * * * * /home/dr/bin/python3 /home/dr/bin/upsPlus.py > /tmp/upsPlus.log
* * * * * /home/dr/bin/python3 /home/dr/bin/upsPlus_iot.py > /tmp/upsPlus_iot.log
~~~
Getting information:
~~~console
$ python3 bin/upsPlus.py
------------------------------------------------------------
------Current information of the detected Raspberry Pi------
------------------------------------------------------------
Raspberry Pi Supply Voltage: 5.028 V
Raspberry Pi Current Current Consumption: 571.068 mA
Raspberry Pi Current Power Consumption: 2570.227 mW
------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------Batteries information-------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
Voltage of Batteries: 4.208 V
Battery Current (Charging) Rate: 30.000 mA
Current Battery Power Supplement: 263.415 mW
Successfully set the protection voltage to: 3700 mV
------------------------------------------------------------
Currently charging via Type C Port.
~~~
The Raspberry Pi will continue to work if you remove the power cable.
[^1]: [Network Attached Storage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network-attached_storage)
## Raspberry Pi 2
### WiFi adapter
The Raspberry Pi 2 does not have any WiFi capabilities so an adapter
is needed to make use of your local WiFi network. I found [this small
adapter](https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/B003MTTJOY/) and can confirm
it as a working unit.
![picture of the small Edimax EW-7811UN wireless adapter](edimax_wifi.jpg "It is not available
on Amazon any more, but they suggest another device as its successor. I can only speak for the
one that I own: **Edimax EW-7811Un**")
## Raspberry Pi Pico W
### Using MicroPython
<https://micropython.org/download/RPI_PICO_W/>
I did the dumb thing and made the `boot.py` file break which led to an endless
loop showing me only the Error code and restarting...
I was able to stop the script by quickly pressing <kbd>CTRL+D</kbd>,
<kbd>CTRL+C</kbd> on the serial console but never was able to update the broken
file without it doing a soft-reboot which loads `boot.py` again instantly...
After some research I was glad I found [pico-nuke](https://github.com/polhenarejos/pico-nuke/releases).
Boot into uf2 loading (pressing BOOTSEL while power on) and place the correct .uf
file (`pico_nuke_pico_w-1.1.uf2`) on the mounted device.
On OpenBSD there is no response but you can see the filesystem unmounted/removed.
Unplug the USB and plug it in again booting into uf2 loading, copying over the
MicroPython uf2 file again.