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124 lines
4.0 KiB
124 lines
4.0 KiB
---
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title: Using NFS shares on a Raspberry Pi
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summary: >
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A quick and short guide on how to setup an NFS share on a
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Raspberry Pi.
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date: 2022-08-07T07:19:54+02:00
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categories: [computerstuff]
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tags: [linux,networking,raspberry]
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---
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I use this mainly on my amateur radio hotspot when I work on my sleek dashboard.
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This setup lets me edit the php-files on my computer while I use the already
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installed webserver as a development server to view the actual changes/progress.
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The advantage of that is: I don't have to feed pseudo-random data into the tables,
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the data gets pulled live from the logs---like it would be on the final system.
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## Installation and configuration
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~~~console
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$ sudo apt update
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$ sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server
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~~~
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~~~console
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$ sudo vim /etc/exports
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~~~
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We have to export our directories in the file `/etc/exports` on our Raspberry Pi.
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~~~plain
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# file: "/etc/exports"
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/var/www/html 192.168.1.123(rw,async,all_squash,insecure,no_subtree_check,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000)
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/opt/MMDVMDash 192.168.1.123(rw,async,all_squash,insecure,no_subtree_check,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000)
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~~~
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So we allow `192.168.1.123` read- and write-access to the directories above.
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{{< alert circle-info >}}
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For the record: my user on my laptop (192.168.1.123) has the same UID (1000)
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as my user on the Raspberry Pi (192.168.1.124).
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{{< /alert >}}
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Also edit `/etc/hosts.allow` to grant access for your network or host.
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~~~plain
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# file: "/etc/hosts.allow"
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ALL: 192.168.1.123
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~~~
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After we changed the contents of `/etc/exports` we have to run the `exportfs`
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command and restart the nfs-server.
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~~~console
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$ sudo exportfs -ra
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$ sudo systemctl restart nfs-server.service
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~~~
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## Accessing the directories
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I usually look at the logs on my Raspberry Pi with `journalctl -fe` and let
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this running.
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Now on my laptop in my home directory. I create a temporary directory with
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`mkdir tmp` and try to mount the nfs share into that. On most linux systems
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only **root** is allowed to use mount without an entry in `/etc/fstab`.
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So we run
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~~~console
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$ sudo mount 192.168.1.124:/var/www/html tmp/
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~~~
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and if it does not print anything, all is good. On the Raspberry Pi you should
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see a new line looking like:
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~~~plain
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raspi4 rpc.mountd[30223]: authenticated mount request from 192.168.1.123:894 for /opt/MMDVMDash/html (/opt/MMDVMDash/html)
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~~~
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{{< alert circle-info >}}
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**To eliminate the confusion:** I've mounted `/var/www/html` but the log shows
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`/opt/MMDVMDash/html`. This is because `/var/www/html` is currently a symbolic
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link to `/opt/MMDVMDash/html`. But if I remove the symlink and replace it with
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real files the export will still work.
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{{< /alert >}}
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And that's it. Unmount with `sudo umount tmp/` and we should create an entry
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in our `/etc/fstab` file to let the system mount this share when starting.
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When unmounting, you should see another line on your Raspberry Pi.
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~~~plain
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raspi4 rpc.mountd[30223]: authenticated unmount request from 192.168.1.123:696 for /opt/MMDVMDash/html (/opt/MMDVMDash/html)
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~~~
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## Creating entries in our `/etc/fstab` file
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First, let us create a directory on our laptop.
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~~~console
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$ mkdir -p ~/raspi4/html
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~~~
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~~~plain
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# file: "/etc/fstab"
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192.168.1.124:/var/www/html /home/dominic/raspi4/html nfs noauto,users,nodev,async,soft,_netdev,x-systemd.automount,x-systemd.device-timeout=1,x-systemd-idle-timeout=1min,x-systemd.mount-timeout=10,timeo=10,retry=3 0 0
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~~~
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After changing that file, make sure to reload Systemd with
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`sudo systemctl daemon-reload`.
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Mount them from your home directory with `mount raspi4/html`. The same line
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should appear on your Raspberry Pi (if you still have `journalctl -fe` running!).
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You may use less confusing settings in your `fstab` file, but I'm going with
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those from above on my Manjaro box, as I also use other NFS shares on my NAS and
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it turned out those work best for my scenario for now.
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You could try by only using `noauto,users,nodev,async` as a starting point. If
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it fails, try adding only `_netdev` first---I can't exactly remember why, but I
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keep thinking I researched this a while back and sticked with it.
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