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121 lines
2.9 KiB
121 lines
2.9 KiB
---
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title: Operating the Z-Shell
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aliases:
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- /posts/2020-11-15-operating-the-z-shell
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- /posts/2020-11-14-operating-the-z-shell
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categories: [computerstuff]
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tags: [zsh-shell]
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date: 2020-11-15T00:35:22+01:00
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---
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This article is a summary of
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[reasoniamhere.com/.../outrageously-useful-tips-to-master-your-z-shell/][1].
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The original article is from 2014 and the pages last entry is from 2015. In case
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the website goes down I want the important bits saved for my reading and learning
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pleasure :wink:
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<!--more-->
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{{< alert circle-info >}}
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_None of the following commands on this page are my own._
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{{< /alert >}}
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[1]: https://reasoniamhere.com/2014/01/11/outrageously-useful-tips-to-master-your-z-shell/
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## File picking
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```zsh
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# list every file directly below the Sites folder
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ls Sites
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# list every file in the folders directly below the Sites folder
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ls Sites/*
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# list every file in every folder two levels below the Sites folder
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ls Sites/*/*
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# list every file anywhere below the Sites folder
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ls Sites/**/*
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# list every file that ends in .txt in every folder at any level below the Sites folder
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ls Sites/**/*.txt
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```
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## Glob operators
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```zsh
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# list text files that end in a number from 1 to 10
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ls -l Sites/**/*<1-10>.txt
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# list text files that start with the letter a
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ls -l Sites/**/[a]*.txt
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# list text files that start with either ab or bc
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ls -l Sites/**/(ab|bc)*.txt
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# list text files that don't start with a lower or uppercase c
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ls -l Sites/**/[^cC]*.txt
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```
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## Glob qualifiers
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```zsh
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# show only directories
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print -l Sites/**/*(/)
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# show only regular files
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print -l Sites/**/*(.)
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# show empty files
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ls -l Sites/**/*(L0)
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# show files greater than 3 KB
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ls -l Sites/**/*(Lk+3)
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# show files modified in the last hour
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print -l Sites/**/*(mh-1)
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# sort files from most to least recently modified and show the last 3
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ls -l Sites/**/*(om[1,3])
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```
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```zsh
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ls -l Sites/**/*(.Lm-2mh-1om[1,3])
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# you won't typically write at this level of obfuscation
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ls -l Sites/**/*(. Lm-2 mh-1 om [1,3])
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# this is more parseable, but unfortunately Zsh doesn't allow spaces
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# between qualifiers, so you'll get an error
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```
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[Read more](http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/Expansion.html#Filename-Generation)
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in section 14.8.7 of the manual.
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## Modifiers
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Modifiers are preceded with a colon (`:`).
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```zsh
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# A plain old glob
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print -l Sites/website/images/gif/*.txt
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# Return the file name (t stands for tail)
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print -l Sites/website/images/gif/*.txt(:t)
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# Return the file name without the extension (r stands for remove_extension, I think)
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print -l Sites/website/images/gif/*.txt(:t:r)
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# Return the extension
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print -l Sites/website/images/gif/*.txt(:e)
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# Return the parent folder of the file (h stands for head)
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print -l Sites/website/images/gif/*.txt(:h)
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# Return the parent folder of the parent
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print -l Sites/website/images/gif/*.txt(:h:h)
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# Return the parent folder of the first file
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print -l Sites/website/images/gif/*.txt([1]:h)
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# Remember you can combine qualifiers and modifiers.
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```
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