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---
title: OpenBSD notes
date: 2023-11-29T20:33:48+0100
lastmod: 2023-12-10T02:36:19+0000
tags:
- openbsd
- python
- cloudlog
- zsh
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---
These are random notes -- more or less about OpenBSD. Some may
not fit here well, but they could relate to OpenBSD or similar
operating systems in some way...
## Get some filesystem information
```console
$ dumpfs /dev/rsd1a
magic 19540119 (FFS2) time Thu Nov 16 21:14:34 2023
[...] (snip; lots of output...)
```
This can be helpful if you want to know, which filesystem you actually
use on your OpenBSD box.
## Create a Win95 FAT32 USB stick
When you `fdisk -iy sd2` (for example) a USB stick, you usually create
one single OpenBSD partition at the 4<sup>th</sup> position. When you then
try to `newfs_msdos -F 32 -L Label sd2i` the layout is gone -- happened to
me several times until I got fed up and investigated.
I don't know why that happened, but I got my way to create USB sticks, that
actually work with other devices like my amateur radios that need those fancy
microSD cards.
Delete the first bytes on the stick:
~~~console
$ doas dd if=/dev/zero bs=1m count=1 of=/dev/rsd2c
~~~
Create the needed partition:
~~~console
$ echo -n 'edit 0\n0c\n\n2048\n*\nq\n' | doas fdisk -e sd2
~~~
A short explanation (`\n` is basically a newline; the <kbd>Enter</kbd> key):
- `edit 0\n`: edit the first entry (`fdisk -iy sd2` would edit the 4th entry)
- `0c\n`: selects **Win95 FAT32L** as file system format
- `\n`: only hit enter and use the default _[n]_
- `2048\n`: Start of the partition
- `*\n`: Special size value -- means the remainder of the disk (like `-1` on many other tools)
- `q\n`: write MBR and quits the program
This results in a partition table like this:
~~~console
$ fdisk sd2
Disk: sd2 geometry: 966/255/63 [15523840 Sectors]
Offset: 0 Signature: 0xAA55
Starting Ending LBA Info:
#: id C H S - C H S [ start: size ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0: 0C 0 32 33 - 966 80 10 [ 2048: 15521792 ] Win95 FAT32L
1: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] Unused
2: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] Unused
3: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] Unused
~~~
whereas a `fdisk -iy sd2` creates a table like this:
~~~console
$ fdisk sd2
Disk: sd2 geometry: 966/255/63 [15523840 Sectors]
Offset: 0 Signature: 0xAA55
Starting Ending LBA Info:
#: id C H S - C H S [ start: size ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] Unused
1: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] Unused
2: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] Unused
*3: A6 0 1 2 - 966 80 10 [ 64: 15523776 ] OpenBSD
~~~
Don't forget to create the file system:
~~~console
$ doas newfs_msdos -F 32 -L 8GB_Stick sd2i
~~~
## Packages / Ports
### ...because of libraries
Updating dependencies before installing (switch `-U`) does help sometimes...
> Can't install [package] because of libraries
~~~console
$ doas pkg_add -uiU
~~~
Should fix that.
## Python
### ModuleNotFoundError
Install python modules with pip.
~~~console
$ python3 -m pip install --user --upgrade ${example_module}
~~~
## Rust
### starship prompt
This is usually blocked via the rust-battery crate, as there is still no progress
made on issue [#19](https://github.com/svartalf/rust-battery/issues/19), which probably
leads to no progress on issue [#2267](https://github.com/starship/starship/issues/2276).
Though, there is a [comment](https://github.com/starship/starship/issues/2276#issuecomment-782818302)
that disables the optional features (battery).
So the final installation of Starship looks like:
~~~console
$ cargo install starship --locked --no-default-features
~~~
The compilation took about 9½ minutes.
## Git
## Cloudlog (server)
Cloudlog is a webapplication written in PHP that allows ham radio amateurs
to log contacts online. I host my own instance on my server and I finally
looked into why I never got satellites shown in <kbd>SAT Timers</kbd>.
I use php-fpm and it is running as the user `www`. It is kind of jailed and it
cannot read `/etc/ssl/cert.pem` -- so the https connections cannot be verified
and it failes at downloading the satellites infos from other websites.
I solved this by copying `/etc/ssl` to `/var/www/etc/ssl` via rsync, keeping file
permissions intact. I may setup a cronjob for this maybe.
~~~console
$ cd /var/www
$ doas rsync -avhzrp /etc/ssl/ etc/ssl
sending incremental file list
created directory etc/ssl
./
cert.pem
ikeca.cnf
openssl.cnf
x509v3.cnf
private/
sent 155.82K bytes received 133 bytes 311.90K bytes/sec
total size is 344.08K speedup is 2.21
$ doas rcctl restart php80_fpm
php80_fpm(ok)
php80_fpm(ok)
~~~
## Cloudlog (client)
Use of the online logging tool Cloudlog on my OpenBSD machine.
First off, connect the TX-500 with the computer (CAT cable) and
start `rigctld`:
```console
$ rigctld -m 2014 -r /dev/cuaU0 -s 9600 -v
```
I use `2014` which is actually a Kenwood TS-2000 -- but on OpenBSD hamlib is currently
at version 4.4 and the TX-500 is only available on
[version ≥4.5](https://github.com/Hamlib/Hamlib/blob/master/NEWS#L199).
For newer hamlib versions (≥4.5) use the rig 2050 like:
```console
$ rigctld -m 2050 -r /dev/cuaU0 -s 9600 -v
```
In combination with Digirig I would probably use something like this,
because otherwise Digirig would instantly key the transceiver:
```console
$ rigctld -m 2014 -r /dev/cuaU0 -s 9600 --set-conf=rts_state=OFF -v
```
Well, I tested this on my desk at home but never used my Laptop for
doing digital modes with my TX-500 though -- but I want this to be noted
here just in case I should need it someday.
On another terminal start [`cloudlogbashcat.sh`](https://github.com/g0wfv/CloudlogBashCat):
```console
$ cloudlogbashcat.sh
```
Now, if you open the website of your Cloudlog installation (and if you have
setup your rigs) and select the radio that uses cloudlogbashcat.
![cloudlog radio selection dialog](radio-settings-cloudlog.png "You can select your pre-defined radio in the Live QSO tab")
## Z-Shell
### Where is this alias defined?
I defined an alias `ls` but I forgot where it was.
~~~console
$ PS4='+%x:%I>' zsh -i -x -c '' |& grep ls
~~~
There will be a lot of screen output probably.
### Renaming multiple directories
~~~console
$ count=1; zmv -n '*' '$f[1,4]/$((count++))-$f[12,-1]'
mv -- 2023-08-05-problems-with-apt-keys-on-my-hotspots 2023/51-problems-with-apt-keys-on-my-hotspots
mv -- 2023-08-26-dmrhost-on-a-raspberrypi4-with-openbsd-or-freebsd 2023/52-dmrhost-on-a-raspberrypi4-with-openbsd-or-freebsd
mv -- 2023-09-16-openbsd-current-built-from-source 2023/53-openbsd-current-built-from-source
~~~
Moves subdirectories into other folder structure with a counting variable.
~~~console
$ count=16; zmv -Q '*(/)' '$((count++))-$f[12,-1]'
mv -- 2021-08-08-win10-grub2-and-uefi 16-win10-grub2-and-uefi
mv -- 2021-08-12-running-n1mm-logger-on-linux 17-running-n1mm-logger-on-linux
mv -- 2021-10-03-winlink-and-vara-on-linux 18-winlink-and-vara-on-linux
mv -- 2021-10-03-wordlist-generation 19-wordlist-generation
mv -- 2021-10-26-processes-accessing-mountpoints 20-processes-accessing-mountpoints
~~~
That was the second part, counting from where we stopped from the previous directory.
There was a draft post left in `2022` which I deleted, now I had to renumber the folders
from `28-*` to `34-` to a number lower by 1.
~~~console
$ for i in {29..34}; do zmv -n -W $i'*' $((--i))'*'; done
mv -- 29-using-nfs-on-a-raspberry-pi 28-using-nfs-on-a-raspberry-pi
mv -- 30-vpn-tunnel-into-hamnet-on-fedora-36 29-vpn-tunnel-into-hamnet-on-fedora-36
mv -- 31-winlink-on-linux-fix-invalid-handle-on-logfiles 30-winlink-on-linux-fix-invalid-handle-on-logfiles
mv -- 32-hamnet-on-the-pfsense 31-hamnet-on-the-pfsense
mv -- 33-changing-network-metrics-on-linux 32-changing-network-metrics-on-linux
mv -- 34-change-git-submodule-url 33-change-git-submodule-url
~~~
So, there is still one post left that is actually a draft post and I'd like to
remove the leading number from that directory.
~~~console
$ zmv -n -W '59-*' '*'
mv -- 59-pat-winlink-on-openbsd pat-winlink-on-openbsd
~~~